
National Front and members of the 'Squad' (who later went onto form AFA) clash at Piccadilly Gardens, Manchester in the late 1970s. Picture: No Retreat (Milo Books, 2003)
From 1985 – 1997, Anti-Fascist Action (AFA) fought the British far-right to a bloody standstill. Not least in Manchester.
AFA, was initially set up by members of Red Action, the Direct Action Movement (predecessor of the Solidarity Federation, anarcho-syndicalist group) and independent left-wing activists. Workers’ Power, a Trotskyist group, joined AFA in 1989 but left in 1992.
Many of those involved in AFA were of second and third generation Irish. In Red Action’s case, it was joked that being of Irish stock was obligatory for membership. AFA also had a strong relationship with many republican flute bands in Britain as well different Irish Republican groups. (It also has to be said that a number of AFA’s leading militants including Patrick H. and Liam H.became involved in Irish Republican military organisations, the PIRA and INLA respectively)
It is a well-known and documented fact that the British far-right has always had strong links with Loyalist groups both in the six counties and in Britain. What is sometimes overlooked, understandably so as it causes much embarrassment, was that there was a small but not altogether trivial list of Englishmen of Irish Catholic descent who got heavily involved in far right, neo nazi and British nationalist politics.
These include Patrick Harrington (leading member of National Front (NF) in the 1980s), Martin Webster (Young Conservatives, National Socialist Movement and then NF rising to National Activities Organiser), Michael McLaughlin ( British Movement leader 1975 – 1983 who was shockingly son of an Irish republican and socialist who was a veteran of the International Brigades), Eddy Morrison (BM, NF and then British People’s Party) and John O’Brien (NF leader, early 1970s).
Hopefully later in the year I’ll have time to do some more research and write something up on the fascinating story of how scores of British born, Irish working-class males got heavily involved in both fascist and anti-fascist struggles in the 1930s, 1970s/1980s and now.
To learn more about the history of AFA and the political climate of the time, try Beating the Fascists: The Untold Story of Anti-Fascist Action by Sean Birchaill (Freedom Press, 2010), No Retreat: The Secret War Between Britain’s Anti-Fascists and the Far-Right by Dave Hann and Steve Tilzey (Milo, 2003), Anti-Fascist Action: An Anarchist Perspective by an ex. Liverpool AFA member (Kate Sharpley Library, 2007),Bash the Fash : Anti-fascist recollections 1984-93 by K. Bullstreet (Kate Sharpley Library, 2001), Anti-Fascist by Martin Lux (Phoenix Press, 2006) and the Fighting Talk documentary (BBC, 1993).
The following are a couple of AFA based leaflets I found today:

Front 'Cable Street Beat' AFA leaflet. 1989.

Back cover. 'Cable Street Beat' AFA leaflet. 1989

AFA 'Picket-Demo to Stop Race Attacks' leaflet. Early 1990s?
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